PALFINGER expanded its portfolio for the shipping and offshore industries to include special systems for accessing and performing repairs and maintenance by acquiring majority holdings in Palfinger systems GmbH and the Arab Megarme Group.
Major Grubert Thailandl
PALFINGER acquired a majority interest in the Russian PM-Group Lifting Machine, an important supplier of cranes for timber and recycling, with the objective of achieving an even stronger presence in Russia.
PALFINGER closes acquisition of Russian PM-Group and is now with its brands Velmash and Solombalsky a major supplier of timber and recycling cranes, loader cranes and hooklifts in the Commonwealth of Independent States.
PALFINGER, together with VCE Vienna Consulting Engineers ZT GmbH and the ANGST GROUP, founded a joint venture for digital bridge inspection called PALFINGER Structural Inspection GmbH (STRUCINSPECT) in Vienna (Austria). Through its majority shareholding in the digital inspection technology, PALFINGER has revolutionized inspections of bridges and building structures.
Malaria remains a common parasitic disease in humans, with over 200 million cases in 2020 [1]. The majority of malaria cases are attributed to Plasmodium falciparum infection. P. falciparum belongs to the protist phylum Apicomplexa, which includes many other disease-causing parasites. Motile P. falciparum sporozoites infect humans via the bites of Anopheles spp. mosquitoes. The parasites initially invade human liver cells, where they multiply and then egress into the bloodstream as merozoites capable of invading mature erythrocytes. Parasites reproduce asexually inside erythrocytes during the approximately 48 h intraerythrocytic development cycle (IDC), passing through the morphologically distinct ring, trophozoite, and schizont developmental stages. IDC stages are amenable to continuous in vitro culture [2], which has facilitated molecular studies of the parasite.
Several different 6-mer motifs are over-represented upstream of reference TTS (Fig 4); however, no single polyadenylation motif was apparent, unlike the majority of metazoan transcripts that possess a conserved upstream AATAAA polyadenylation signal motif [51]. The transcription termination signals in P. falciparum are thus similar to other Apicomplexa species that also possess prominent adenine-rich regions in the vicinity of the TTS, but otherwise lack distinct polyadenylation signals [52]. Although similar termination signals were observed among ATTS, we cannot exclude the possibility that ATTS are technical artifacts arising from internally-primed cDNA synthesis (especially those without direct RNA support). Nonetheless, less than 2% of ATTS determined from PacBio data are artifactual because of internal priming [44]. Several novel isoforms terminate within CDS, such that they contain ORFs but lack a stop codon. The eukaryotic non-stop RNA decay mechanism recognizes such mRNAs as aberrant and destroys them [53]; however, the machinery for removing aberrant mRNAs in P. falciparum is inefficient because it lacks key non-stop and no-go decay components [50,54]. Novel isoforms lacking a stop codon may be translated if the downstream poly(A) tail functions as a poly-lysine stop to terminate translation. In support of this conjecture, it has been reported that 24 consecutive lysine codons can act as an efficient translation termination signal without triggering mRNA decay in P. falciparum [55].
In conclusion, the P. falciparum transcriptomic catalog described herein adds an important resource for this pathogen. The details of isoform structures, classification, and isoform events are provided for future studies (S1 Dataset, S2 and S3 Tables). The major isoform events highlighted in this work (ATSS, ATTS, and RI) prompt questions to be addressed, including what mechanisms are responsible for generating these isoform patterns, and what biological roles (if any) these isoforms play? The encoded proteins from the novel isoforms (S5 Table) can be used to test whether altORFs contribute toward an expanded proteome, with the caveat that validation is challenging with current proteomic technologies [79].
Considering AstraZeneca has a significant uphill climb, it is possible that it will offload Vaxzevria from its portfolio, Hertzman said, adding the company is not typically in the vaccines space. The US is a potential major market for Vaxzevria though it has yet to be authorised there. A version of Vaxzevria is produced by Pune, India-based Serum Institute of India, the largest vaccine manufacturer in the world, and its Covishield (SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) is intended to cater to middle- and low-income countries.
In 1639, Jesuit Jerome Lalemant decided that the missionaries among the Hurons needed a local residence and established Sainte-Marie near present day Midland, Ontario, which expanded into a living replica of European society.[79] It became the Jesuit headquarters and an important part of Canadian history. Throughout most of the 1640s the Jesuits had success, establishing five chapels in Huronia and baptising over one thousand Huron.[80] However, the Iroquois of New York, rivals of the Hurons, grew jealous of the Hurons' wealth and control of the fur trade system and attacked Huron villages in 1648. They killed missionaries and burned villages, and the Hurons scattered. Both Jean de Brébeuf and Gabriel Lalemant were tortured and killed in the Iroquois raids; they have been canonized as martyrs in the Catholic Church.[81] With the knowledge of the invading Iroquois, the Jesuit Paul Ragueneau burned down Sainte-Marie instead of allowing the Iroquois the satisfaction of destroying it. By late June 1649, the French and some Christian Hurons built Sainte-Marie II on Christian Island (Isle de Saint-Joseph). However, facing starvation, lack of supplies, and constant threats of Iroquois attack, the small Sainte-Marie II was abandoned in June 1650; the remaining Hurons and Jesuits departed for Quebec and Ottawa.[81] As a result of the Iroquois raids and outbreak of disease, many missionaries, traders, and soldiers died.[82] Today, the Huron tribe, also known as the Wyandot, have a First Nations reserve in Quebec, Canada, and three major settlements in the United States.[83]
The Society of Jesus, in the United States, is organized into geographic provinces, each of which being headed by a provincial superior. Today, there are four Jesuit provinces operating in the United States: the USA East, USA Central and Southern, USA Midwest, and USA West Provinces. At their height, there were ten provinces. Though there had been mergers in the past, a major reorganization of the provinces began in early 21st century, with the aim of consolidating into four provinces by 2020.[89]
The General Congregation is a meeting of all of the assistants, provincials, and additional representatives who are elected by the professed Jesuits of each province. It meets irregularly and rarely, normally to elect a new superior general and/or to take up some major policy issues for the order. The Superior General meets more regularly with smaller councils composed of just the provincials.[145]
In Spanish America, José de Acosta wrote a major work on early Peru and New Spain with important material on indigenous peoples. In South America, Peter Claver was notable for his mission to African slaves, building on the work of Alonso de Sandoval. Francisco Javier Clavijero was expelled from New Spain during the Suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1767 and wrote an important history of Mexico during his exile in Italy. Eusebio Kino is renowned in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico (an area then called the Pimería Alta). He founded numerous missions and served as the peace-bringer between the tribes and the government of New Spain. Antonio Ruiz de Montoya was an important missionary in the Jesuit reductions of Paraguay.
The mitochondria are essential organelles and are the location of cellular respiration, which is responsible for the majority of ATP production. Each cell contains multiple mitochondria, and each mitochondrion contains multiple copies of its own circular genome. The ratio of mitochondrial genomes to nuclear genomes is referred to as mitochondrial copy number. Decreases in mitochondrial copy number are known to occur in many tissues as people age, and in certain diseases. The regulation of mitochondrial copy number by nuclear genes has been studied extensively. While mitochondrial variation has been associated with longevity and some of the diseases known to have reduced mitochondrial copy number, the role that the mitochondrial genome itself has in regulating mitochondrial copy number remains poorly understood. We analyzed the complete mitochondrial genomes from 1007 individuals randomly selected from the Cache County Study on Memory Health and Aging utilizing the inferred evolutionary history of the mitochondrial haplotypes present in our dataset to identify sequence variation and mitochondrial haplotypes associated with changes in mitochondrial copy number. Three variants belonging to mitochondrial haplogroups U5A1 and T2 were significantly associated with higher mitochondrial copy number in our dataset. We identified three variants associated with higher mitochondrial copy number and suggest several hypotheses for how these variants influence mitochondrial copy number by interacting with known regulators of mitochondrial copy number. Our results are the first to report sequence variation in the mitochondrial genome that causes changes in mitochondrial copy number. The identification of these variants that increase mtDNA copy number has important implications in understanding the pathological processes that underlie these phenotypes.
The qualification of orthology is a significant challenge when developing large, multiloci phylogenetic data sets from assembled transcripts. Transcriptome assemblies have various attributes, such as fragmentation, frameshifts and mis-indexing, which pose problems to automated methods of orthology assessment. Here, we identify a set of orthologous single-copy genes from transcriptome assemblies for the land snails and slugs (Eupulmonata) using a thorough approach to orthology determination involving manual alignment curation, gene tree assessment and sequencing from genomic DNA. We qualified the orthology of 500 nuclear, protein-coding genes from the transcriptome assemblies of 21 eupulmonate species to produce the most complete phylogenetic data matrix for a major molluscan lineage to date, both in terms of taxon and character completeness. Exon capture targeting 490 of the 500 genes (those with at least one exon >120 bp) from 22 species of Australian Camaenidae successfully captured sequences of 2825 exons (representing all targeted genes), with only a 3.7% reduction in the data matrix due to the presence of putative paralogs or pseudogenes. The automated pipeline Agalma retrieved the majority of the manually qualified 500 single-copy gene set and identified a further 375 putative single-copy genes, although it failed to account for fragmented transcripts resulting in lower data matrix completeness when considering the original 500 genes. This could potentially explain the minor inconsistencies we observed in the supported topologies for the 21 eupulmonate species between the manually curated and 'Agalma-equivalent' data set (sharing 458 genes). Overall, our study confirms the utility of the 500 gene set to resolve phylogenetic relationships at a range of evolutionary depths and highlights the importance of addressing fragmentation at the homolog alignment stage for probe design. 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2ff7e9595c
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